What does Doppler radar primarily measure in meteorology?

Doppler radar is a critical tool in meteorology primarily used to measure the velocity of precipitation particles. This capability comes from the Doppler effect, which allows the radar to detect changes in frequency of the waves reflected off moving objects, such as raindrops, snowflakes, or other precipitation. By analyzing these frequency shifts, meteorologists can determine the speed and direction of precipitation movement, which is essential for understanding storm dynamics, predicting severe weather, and issuing timely warnings.

The other aspects of atmospheric conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and pressure, are essential for comprehensive weather forecasting but are not measured directly by Doppler radar. Temperature and humidity are typically assessed through thermometers and hygrometers, respectively, while air pressure changes are measured with barometers. Doppler radar’s unique focus on the motion of precipitation makes it invaluable for real-time weather analysis and storm tracking.