What effect does ice have on aircraft performance?

Ice accumulation on an aircraft can significantly impact its performance in several critical ways. When ice forms on the wings, tail, or other control surfaces, it alters the shape of these surfaces, which disrupts the smooth flow of air. This disruption can lead to a decrease in lift, as the wings become less effective at generating the necessary aerodynamic force to keep the aircraft in the air.

Additionally, ice can increase drag, which is the resistance the aircraft faces as it moves through the air. This increase in drag occurs because the irregular surface created by the ice can create more turbulence. Moreover, the added weight from the ice itself reduces overall performance, requiring more thrust from the engines to maintain the desired speed and altitude.

Overall, the presence of ice significantly decreases both thrust and lift, while simultaneously increasing drag and weight, which is why the chosen answer accurately reflects the impact of ice on aircraft performance. Understanding these effects is crucial for pilots and engineers in order to mitigate risks during adverse weather conditions.