What is measured by the Saffir-Simpson scale?

The Saffir-Simpson scale is specifically designed to categorize hurricanes based on their wind speeds, which in turn indicates the potential damage they could cause upon landfall. The scale categorizes hurricanes into five levels, each reflecting a range of wind speeds and corresponding damage potential. For instance, a category 1 hurricane has sustained winds of 74-95 mph, while a category 5 hurricane has winds exceeding 157 mph, indicating progressively more severe outcomes for structures and life in its path. While other factors such as geographical location and building standards can influence actual damage, the scale's primary purpose is to evaluate the intensity of hurricanes using their wind speeds as a foundation.