What type of icing forms on the surface of an aircraft?

Structural icing refers to the accumulation of ice on the external surfaces of an aircraft, primarily affecting the wings, tail, and other components. This type of icing occurs in conditions where supercooled liquid water droplets freeze upon contact with the aircraft's surfaces. The result can be dangerous, as it disrupts the airflow around the aircraft, increases weight, and alters aerodynamic performance, which can lead to issues in lift and control.

Understanding structural icing is crucial for pilots and aviation professionals, as they must recognize the conditions that lead to its formation, including flying through clouds with temperatures below freezing and during precipitation in these conditions. This awareness allows for proper precautions, such as avoiding icing conditions or utilizing de-icing and anti-icing systems when necessary.

While other forms of icing, like induction icing, refer to ice forming in the engine intake and clear icing pertains specifically to the smooth, transparent ice that can develop under certain conditions, structural icing directly addresses the ice that is critical to aircraft surfaces and performance.