Which effect is associated with El Niño on global weather patterns?

The correct choice highlights the significant impact of El Niño on global weather patterns, notably through increased rainfall and altered weather conditions. During an El Niño event, warm ocean waters in the central and eastern Pacific affect atmospheric circulation, leading to a variety of weather anomalies worldwide. This phenomenon typically results in enhanced precipitation in various regions, particularly in the eastern Pacific and parts of the Americas, while also causing disturbances in temperature and wind patterns across the globe.

El Niño can lead to severe flooding in some areas, particularly the western coasts of North and South America, but can concurrently cause drought in others, such as in Indonesia and Australia. The interplay of these effects exemplifies how El Niño disrupts standard weather patterns and creates significant variability, making the understanding of this phenomenon critical for predicting and preparing for its implications on global climates.